Are you looking for an open-source web server to handle your high traffic needs? Install Apache on Ubuntu to serve as the perfect solution!
Apache is the most widely-used web server and can easily handle large traffic volumes. And in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to install Apache on an Ubuntu Linux server and set up virtual hosts.
Give Apache a try today and get rid of the web server downtimes!
Prerequisites
This tutorial will be a hands-on demonstration. If you’d like to follow along, be sure you have the following.
- An Ubuntu server – This tutorial uses Ubuntu 20.04.
- A user account with root privileges.
How to Install Apache on Ubuntu Server
Apache provides many powerful features, such as dynamically loadable modules, a versatile configuration system, and extensive logging capabilities. And to take advantage of these features, start by installing Apache on your server.
By default, the Apache package is available in the Ubuntu repositories, and you can install Apache by running one command using the apt package manager.
1. Run the apt update command below to ensure your server is up to date and any security patches are applied.
sudo apt update -y
Updating Server Package Index2. Run the apt-cache command below to search and list all available Apache packages on your system.
sudo apt-cache search apache2In the screenshot below, you can see all available Apache packages, and the most common packages are:
- apache2 – Apache HTTP Server – this package is the standard Apache webserver.
- libapache2-mod-php – this package provides PHP support for the Apache webserver.
- apache2-ssl-dev – this package provides support for SSL/TLS connections in Apache
- apache2-utils – this package provides various utilities for the Apache webserver like htpasswd to create users for basic authentication.
3. Run the following apt install command to install Apache on your server.
sudo apt install -y apache2
4. Once the package is installed, run the systemctl command below to start Apache (apache2). This command doesn’t have an output, but you’ll check the Apache service status in the following steps.
sudo systemctl start apache25. Now, run the following command to enable Apache to start at boot time since the Ubuntu default installation will not start the Apache service automatically.
sudo systemctl enable apache2
6. Next, run the systemctl command below to check the status of the Apache (apache2) service.
sudo systemctl status apache2You will see the following output. The active (running) state indicates that the Apache service is started and running as expected.
7. Run the below command to check the version of Apache installed on your server.
apache2 -versionAs of this writing, the latest stable Apache version is 2.4.41, and yours might be different.
8. Finally, open your favorite web browser and navigate to your Ubuntu server’s IP address or hostname (i.e., 192.168.1.100).
Below, you can see the default Apache web page created during the installation process. This page confirms that Apache is installed and working as expected.
If, for some reason, you got an error instead, jump to the following section and configure your firewall.
Configuring the UFW Firewall to Secure the Apache Server
In the previous section, you requested a web page from your Apache server, which displayed the default Apache web page. But what if you got a “connection refused” error, as shown below? This error could result from your firewall preventing access to the Apache server.
To resolve this connection error, you’ll configure your firewall to allow access to the Apache server. And the default Ubuntu installation includes a firewall called UFW that helps protect your server from unauthorized access.
1. Run the below command to list all application profiles are included in UFW.
sudo ufw app listYou can see below the different available applications in UFW:
- Apache Full – This profile allows access to the full range of ports needed by the Apache webserver (ports 80 and 443).
- Apache – The default profile that allows access to the unsecured port 80.
You shouldn’t use this profile in a production environment because it’s less secure.
- Apache Secure – This profile is more secure because it restricts access to only the port for TLS/SSL encrypted traffic (port 443).
- OpenSSH – This profile allows access to the SSH port (port 22) to allow SSH connections.
2. Next, run the following commands to enable (allow) the Apache Full profile along with SSH.
These commands allow access to all ports, which is helpful in a developer environment.
sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'
sudo ufw allow 'OpenSSH'
Perhaps you like to disable an application, change the allow option to disable option, like this: sudo ufw disable ‘app_profile’
3. Run the ufw status command below to check the status of your UFW firewall.
sudo ufw status verboseBelow, you can see the firewall rules available, indicating that Apache Full and OpenSSH are accessible from Anywhere.
4. Finally, open your web browser and try to request a web page from your Apache server. This time, you will see the default Apache web page created during the installation process.
Setting up Virtual Hosts to Serve Websites
Your Apache server is up, so it’s time for the most exciting part, hosting your web application. How? You’ll be setting up your virtual hosts on your Ubuntu server. A virtual host is a configuration file that allows you to host multiple websites on a single server with a single IP address.
Note that creating files and directories starting from this point of the tutorial requires sudo access.
To start setting up virtual hosts:
1. Run the below command to create a new directory called /var/www/example.com. You’ll use this directory to store the content for your website. Replace example.com with the actual domain name that you want to use.
This command doesn’t have an output, but you can verify the directory by running this command: ls /var/www
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com2. Next, run the below chown command to change the ownership of the /var/www/example.com directory to your user account. This command doesn’t have an output but allows you to manage the content for your website.
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com3. Run the chmod command below to change the permissions of the /var/www/example.com directory to 755. This command doesn’t have an output but grants your user account read and write access to your website’s content.
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/example.com4. Now, create a file called index.html in the /var/www/example.com directory with your preferred editor. Populate the file with the code below, save the changes and close the file. The index.html file serves as the default page of your website.
The code below creates a simple web page that displays the text Hello World! Your virtual host is working!.
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to example.com!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World! Your virtual host is working!</h1>
</body>
</html>5. Create a new virtual host configuration file called example.com.conf in the /etc/apache2/sites-available directory.
You can edit the default /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf file to contain your new virtual host. But it’s a better idea to create a new file for your website. This behavior helps you to keep your configuration files organized.
Copy/paste the configuration below to the example.com.conf file. But be sure to replace example.com and webmaster@localhost with the actual values for your website.
Save the changes and close the file.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>6. Now, run each command below to disable the default virtual host file and enable your new virtual host file.
The default virtual host file is enabled by default, and you can’t use your new virtual host file unless you disable the default virtual host file.
# Disable the default virtual host file
sudo a2dissite 000-default
# Enable your virtual host file
sudo a2ensite example.com.conf
7. Run the service command below to restart your Apache server (apache2) to apply the changes.
sudo service apache2 restart8. Finally, open your web browser and navigate your website (example.com).
If your Apache server configurations are correct, you’ll see the same message below displayed in your web browser.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to install Apache on Ubuntu and set up virtual hosts to serve your website on a single server. At this point, you can now host multiple websites on your Ubuntu server effectively.
This tutorial acts as a primer, and you might consider going further with Apache and configuring other features. Perhaps try setting up virtual hosts with SSL and password protection to secure your Apache server? Or adding custom headers to your website to control user requests?
